Piotrków Trybunalski (; also known by

alternative names Alternative or alternate may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Alternative (''Kamen Rider''), a character in the Japanese TV series ''Kamen Rider Ryuki'' * ''The Alternative'' (film), a 1978 Australian television film * ''The Alternative ...

), often simplified to Piotrków, is a

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

in central Poland with 71,252 inhabitants (2021). It is the second-largest city situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. Previously, it was the capital of an independent Piotrków Voivodeship (1975–1998); it is now the capital of Piotrków County. Founded in the late Middle Ages, Piotrków was once a

royal city Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a cit ...

and an important place in Polish history; the first parliament sitting was held here in the 15th century. It then became the seat of a Crown Tribunal, the highest court of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The city also hosted one of Poland's oldest Jewish communities, which was entirely destroyed by the Holocaust. The old town in Piotrków features many historical and architectural monuments, including tenements, churches, synagogues and the medieval Royal Castle.

Etymology and other names

According to tradition, but not confirmed by historical sources, Piotrków was founded by Piotr Włostowic, a powerful 12th century magnate from Silesia. The name of the city comes from the Polish version of the name Peter (''Piotr''), in a diminutive form (''Piotrek'', or "Pete"). ''Trybunalski'' indicates that tribunal sessions (including the Crown Tribunal) were held in the town. The town has been known in

Yiddish Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a ver ...

as פּעטריקעװ or ''Petrikev'', in German as ''Petrikau'', and in Russian as Петроков or ''Petrokov''.

Location, demographics and statistics

Piotrków Trybunalski is situated in the middle-west part (Piotrków Plains) of the Łódź Uplands. The population of the city is approximately 80,000 and its area is nearly . The landscape of the Piotrków region and its geological structure was formed during the glaciation of 180,000–128,000 years ago. There are hardly any forests on the Piotrków Plains. Two rivers cross the region, the Wolbórka and the Luciąża, which with their tributaries flow into the

Pilica River Pilica is a river in central Poland, the longest left tributary of the Vistula river, with a length of 333 kilometres (8th longest) and a basin area of 9,258 km2 (all in Poland).Vistula River. The watershed of Poland's two main rivers, the Vistula and the Oder (Odra), runs along the meridional line three km west of Piotrków. Two small rivers, the Strawa and the Strawka flow through the city, and it is between their valleys that the first settlement of Piotrków was founded in the early Middle Ages. Recently two more rivers have been included within the boundary of the city area—the Wierzejka, which in the western part of the city forms a reservoir, and the Śrutowy Dołek to the south of Piotrków. The city is

above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''. The comb ...

. The average temperature during the year is about , the coldest month is January (ranging from ), the warmest is July (with on average). Yearly rainfall is from . The sandy soil of the region is not fertile.

History

Middle Ages

In the early Middle Ages the Piotrków region was part of the province of Łęczyca of Poland ruled by the

Piast dynasty The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branch ...

. In c1264 it became part of a separate principality. The foundation of the city and its development were connected with its geographical position and the advantageous arrangement of the roads linking the provinces of Poland in Piast times. At first, a market town and a place of the princes' tribunals (in the 13th and 15th centuries), Piotrków became an administrative center (the capital of the district since 1418), and in later centuries it also became an important political center in Poland. The first record of Piotrków is in a document issued in 1217 by Polish monarch Leszek I the White, where there is a mention of the duke's tribunal held "in Petrecoue". Mediaeval Piotrków was a trading place on the trade routes from Pomerania to Russia and Hungary, and later from Masovia to Silesia. Poland Medal 400 Years Royal Tribunal 1978

Poland Medal 400 Years Royal Tribunal 1978

During the 13th century, apart from the tribunals, Polish provincial princes made Piotrków the seat of some assemblies of the Sieradz knights, which according to historical sources were held in 1233, in 1241, and in 1291. It might have been during the 1291 assembly that the Prince of Sieradz, Władysław I the Elbow-high, granted Piotrków

civic rights Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life o ...

, because in documents from the beginning of the 14th century he mentions "civitate nostra Petricouiensi". The first certificate of foundation and the other documents were burnt in a great fire which destroyed the city around 1400. The privileges and rights were re-granted by King Władysław II Jagiełło in 1404. The city walls were built during the reign of King Casimir III the Great, and after the great fire, they were rebuilt at the beginning of the 15th century. During the reign of Casimir III, many expelled German Jews from the Holy Roman Empire migrated to the town, which grew to have one of the largest Jewish settlements in the kingdom. Castle in Piotrkow Trybunalski 03

Between 1354 and 1567 the city held general assemblies of Polish knights, and general or elective meetings of the Polish Sejm (during the latter Polish kings of the Jagiellon dynasty were elected there). In Piotrków, two

Grand Masters of the Teutonic Order The Grand Master of the Teutonic Order (german: Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens; la, Magister generalis Ordo Teutonicus) is the supreme head of the Teutonic Order. It is equivalent to the grand master of other military orders and the superi ...

pledged allegiance to Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon in 1469 and 1470. It was in the city of Piotrków that the Polish Parliament was given its final structure with the division into an Upper House and Lower Chamber in 1493. King John I Albert published his "Piotrków privilege" on 26 May 1493, which expanded the privileges of the

szlachta The ''szlachta'' (Polish: endonym, Lithuanian: šlėkta) were the noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth who, as a class, had the dominating position in the ...

at the expense of the

bourgeoisie The bourgeoisie ( , ) is a social class, equivalent to the middle or upper middle class. They are distinguished from, and traditionally contrasted with, the proletariat by their affluence, and their great cultural and financial capital. They ...

and the peasantry.

Modern period

Piotrków became part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569. When the seat of the Parliament was moved to Warsaw, the town became the seat of the highest court of Poland, the Crown Tribunal, and trials were held there from 1578–1793; the highest Lithuanian court was held in

Grodno Grodno (russian: Гродно, pl, Grodno; lt, Gardinas) or Hrodna ( be, Гродна ), is a city in western Belarus. The city is located on the Neman River, 300 km (186 mi) from Minsk, about 15 km (9 mi) from the Polish b ...

. Piotrków's Jewish population was expelled in 1578 and only allowed back a century later. The town became a post station in 1684. Around 1705, German settlers (often

Swabia Swabia ; german: Schwaben , colloquially ''Schwabenland'' or ''Ländle''; archaic English also Suabia or Svebia is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of ...

ns) arrived in the town's vicinity and founded villages; they largely retained their customs and language until 1945. Piotrkow in 1657

While the importance of Piotrków in the political life of the country had contributed to its development in the 16th century, the city declined in the 17th and 18th centuries, due to fires, epidemics, wars against Sweden, and finally the

Partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 12 ...

. One of two main routes connecting Warsaw and Dresden ran through the city in the 18th century and Kings Augustus II the Strong and

Augustus III of Poland Augustus III ( pl, August III Sas, lt, Augustas III; 17 October 1696 5 October 1763) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1733 until 1763, as well as Elector of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire where he was known as Frederick Aug ...

often traveled that route. The first official inventory of important buildings in Poland, ''A General View of the Nature of Ancient Monuments in the Kingdom of Poland'', led by Kazimierz Stronczyński from 1844–55, describes the Great Synagogue of Piotrków as one of Poland's architecturally notable buildings. In 1793, the Kingdom of Prussia annexed the town in the Second Partition of Poland and administered it as part of the Province of South Prussia. During the Napoleonic Wars, Piotrków became part of the Duchy of Warsaw (1807–15) and was a district seat in the Kalisz Department. After the defeat of

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

in 1815, Piotrków became part of

Congress Poland Congress Poland, Congress Kingdom of Poland, or Russian Poland, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland, was a polity created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a semi-autonomous Polish state, a successor to Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw. It w ...

, a puppet state of the Russian Empire. When the Warsaw-Vienna railway was built in 1846, there was a slight increase in the economic and industrial development of Piotrków. In January 1863, the Polish

January Uprising The January Uprising ( pl, powstanie styczniowe; lt, 1863 metų sukilimas; ua, Січневе повстання; russian: Польское восстание; ) was an insurrection principally in Russia's Kingdom of Poland that was aimed at ...

broke out. Among local Polish insurgents were many young people and Poles conscripted into the Russian army, who were stationed in the city. The Russians established a prison for captured insurgents in Piotrków. Thousands of

Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Ce ...

passed through the prison, were subjected to flagellation and tortures, and then either deported to the Warsaw Citadel or to Siberia, or executed in Piotrków. Two insurgents, wanting to escape from torture, committed suicide by jumping out of the prison windows. As punishment for supporting the uprising, the Russians closed down the Bernardine monastery in 1864, and the last Bernardine monks were expelled in 1867. In 1867 the Russian authorities formed the Piotrków Governorate, which included Łódź,

Częstochowa Częstochowa ( , ; german: Tschenstochau, Czenstochau; la, Czanstochova) is a city in southern Poland on the Warta River with 214,342 inhabitants, making it the thirteenth-largest city in Poland. It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship (admin ...

, and the coal fields of Dąbrowa Górnicza and

Sosnowiec Sosnowiec is an industrial city county in the Dąbrowa Basin of southern Poland, in the Silesian Voivodeship, which is also part of the Silesian Metropolis municipal association.—— Located in the eastern part of the Upper Silesian Industria ...

. According to the

Russian census of 1897 The first general census of the population of the Russian Empire in 1897 (Russian alphabet#Letters eliminated in 1917–18, pre-reform Russian: ) was the first and only nation-wide census performed in the Russian Empire (the Grand Duchy of Fi ...

, out of the total population of 30,800, Jews constituted 9,500 (around 31% percent). The province had the best developed industry of all of Congress Poland until 1914. Many Poles demonstrated and went on strike during the

1905 Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution of 1905,. also known as the First Russian Revolution,. occurred on 22 January 1905, and was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire. The mass unrest was directed again ...

During World War I, Piotrków was occupied by Austria-Hungary. From 1915–16, it was a center for Polish patriotic activity. The city was a seat of the Military Department of the National Committee, and a headquarters for the Polish Legions, which were voluntary troops organized by Józef Piłsudski, Władysław Sikorski and others to fight against Russia. Piotrków became part of restored independent Poland in 1918, following the defeat of the Central Powers in the war. In the

interwar period In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days), the end of the World War I, First World War to the beginning of the World War II, Second World War. The in ...

, Piotrków was the capital of Piotrków County in the Łódź Voivodeship, and lost its previous importance. In 1922, the old monastery was restored to the Bernardines. In 1938 the town had 51,000 inhabitants, including 25,000 Jews and 1,500 Germans. The town had a large Jewish settlement and until the Holocaust a thriving Hebrew printing and publishing industry.

World War II

Roundup in German-occupied Piotrków Trybunalski

During the invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II, Piotrków was the setting for fierce fighting between the Polish 19th Infantry Division and the 16th Panzer Corps of the German Wehrmacht on 5 September 1939. The '' Einsatzgruppe II'' then entered the city to commit various crimes against the population. The town was occupied by Nazi Germany for the following six years. In autumn of 1939, the Germans carried out mass arrests of dozens of Poles, including teachers, local activists, judges, parliamentarians, editors and bank employees, however some were later released. 47 Poles arrested in Tomaszów Mazowiecki, including Tomaszów's mayor, were also imprisoned in Piotrków. Further mass arrests of hundreds of Poles were carried out in January, March, June and August 1940. Among Poles arrested in March were 12 teachers and students of secret Polish schools. On 29 June 1940 the Germans carried out a massacre of 42 Poles from the prison in the Wolborski ForestWardzyńska, p. 267 in the northern part of the city. Among the victims were 14 students aged 17–18, eight reserve officers, and people of various professions, including pharmacists, an architect, railwayman, teacher, farmer and local secretary. 121 Poles from the local prison were deported to the

Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It con ...

, Gross-Rosen and

Dachau , , commandant = List of commandants , known for = , location = Upper Bavaria, Southern Germany , built by = Germany , operated by = ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) , original use = Political prison , construction ...

concentration camps in June 1940. Many Poles, who were born or lived in the city, were murdered by the Russians in the large Katyń massacre in April–May 1940. Memorial to Katyn victims in Piotrków Trybunalski - plaques

Memorial to Katyn victims in Piotrków Trybunalski - plaques

As early as October 1939 Piotrków became the site of the first Jewish ghetto of World War II set up in occupied Poland. Approximately 25,000 people from Piotrków and the nearby towns and villages were imprisoned there. During the Holocaust 22,000 were sent to the Treblinka extermination camp, while 3,000 were imprisoned in other Nazi concentration camps. A personal account of the Holocaust, '' In the Mouth of the Wolf'' details the escape of the author Rose Zar (née Rose Guterman) from the Piotrków Ghetto and hiding in plain sight, by working for the Wehrmacht and the SS. The secret Polish Council to Aid Jews "Żegota", established by the Polish resistance movement, operated in the city. From the first months of the war, Piotrków was a center for underground resistance. From the spring of 1940, it was the seat of the district headquarters of the

Armia Krajowa The Home Army ( pl, Armia Krajowa, abbreviated AK; ) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Armed Resistance) esta ...

, or Home Army. In the summer of 1944, the 25th Infantry Regiment of the Home Army was formed in the district; it was the largest military unit of the Łódź Voivodeship, and fought against the Germans until November 1944. In the city and district, there were also other partisan groups: the Military Troops (connected with the Polish Socialist Party), People's Guard and People's Army ( Polish Workers' Party), Peasants' Battalions ( Polish People's Party), the National Military Organization and the National Armed Forces ( National Party). In 1944, during the Warsaw Uprising, the Germans deported over 15,000 Varsovians from the Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków, where they were initially imprisoned, to Piotrków. Those Poles were mainly old people, ill people and women with children. After the fall of the uprising, the headquarters of the Polish Red Cross was temporarily located in the local Royal Castle from October 1944 to January 1945. On 18 January 1945 the Soviet Red Army entered the city, dislodging the German troops. The city was restored to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until the Fall of Communism in the 1980s. Anti-communist partisans continued to fight in the vicinity in the following years.

Recent times

From 1949–1970, Piotrków was transformed into an industrial center. Piotrków remained a district capital in the Łódź Voivodeship, until 1975. Then, following the changes in the administrative division of the country, the city became the capital of the new Piotrków Voivodeship, thus regaining the status of an important administrative, educational and cultural center of Poland. In 1999, the Piotrków Voivodeship was dissolved and Piotrków became the capital of Piotrków County within the Łódź Voivodeship.

Economy

Piotrków, thanks to its location, is known as the second largest "logistic center" after Warsaw. There is a high concentration of warehouses and distribution centers around the city. The biggest distribution centers are: * Prologis Park Piotrkow I and Prologis Park Piotrkow II owned by ProLogis * IKEA Distribution Center owned by

IKEA IKEA (; ) is a Dutch multinational conglomerate based in the Netherlands that designs and sells , kitchen appliances, decoration, home accessories, and various other goods and home services. Started in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad, IKEA has been t ...

* Logistic City – Piotrków Distribution Center owned by local concern Emerson * Poland Central Pt focus mall

In Piotrków are also located: * Emerson Polska – self-copying computer paper * Häring – facility producing fuel injection equipment (for Mercedes-Benz, Bosch, Volkswagen) * Metzeler Automotive Profile Systems – car profiles * Kiper brewery * FMG Pioma S.A. – mining machinery,

conveyor belt A conveyor belt is the carrying medium of a belt conveyor system (often shortened to belt conveyor). A belt conveyor system is one of many types of conveyor systems. A belt conveyor system consists of two or more pulleys (sometimes referred to ...

s * Sigmatex Sp. z o.o. – knitted fabrics and many small and medium textile processing factories.

Transport

Piotrków lies almost in the center of Poland. It has a train station on the PKP rail line 1 from Warsaw to

. Direct trains go among others to Cracow, Zakopane,

Katowice Katowice ( , , ; szl, Katowicy; german: Kattowitz, yi, קאַטעוויץ, Kattevitz) is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Upper Silesian metropolitan area. It is the 11th most popul ...

, Bielsko-Biała, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań,

Szczecin Szczecin (, , german: Stettin ; sv, Stettin ; Latin: ''Sedinum'' or ''Stetinum'') is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the German border, it is a major s ...

, Świnoujście, Gdynia, Olsztyn and

Białystok Białystok is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is the tenth-largest city in Poland, second in terms of population density, and thirteenth in area. Białystok is located in the Białystok Up ...

Roads

A highway, an expressway and three

national roads National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, ce ...

cross Piotrków: *

Gdańsk Gdańsk ( , also ; ; csb, Gduńsk;Stefan Ramułt, ''Słownik języka pomorskiego, czyli kaszubskiego'', Kraków 1893, Gdańsk 2003, ISBN 83-87408-64-6. , Johann Georg Theodor Grässe, ''Orbis latinus oder Verzeichniss der lateinischen Benen ...

– Gorzyczki, part of European route E75 * Kudowa-Zdrój – Budzisko, part of

European route E67 European route E 67 is an E-road running from Prague in the Czech Republic to Estonia and by ferry to Finland. It goes via Prague, Wrocław, Warsaw, Kaunas, Panevėžys, Riga, Tallinn, Helsinki. The route is known as the Via Baltica ...

* Łęknica – Dorohusk, eventually to be upgraded to the S12 expressway * Wieluń – Zosin *

–

Podwarpie Podwarpie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siewierz, within Będzin County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately south of Siewierz, north-east of Będzin, and north-east of the regional capital Kat ...

Airports

There is a small airfield for light passenger aircraft in Piotrków. The nearest airport is Łódź Władysław Reymont Airport in Łódź. Two large international airports are

Warsaw Frédéric Chopin Airport Warsaw Chopin Airport ( pl, Lotnisko Chopina w Warszawie, ) is an international airport in the Włochy district of Warsaw, Poland. It is Poland's busiest airport with 18.9 million passengers in 2019, thus handling approximately 40% of t ...

about from Piotrków and Katowice International Airport about from Piotrków.

Educational institutions

* Wyższa Szkoła Handlowa in Piotrków Trybunalski * Wyższa Szkoła Kupiecka in Łódź, branch in Piotrków * Jan Kochanowski University in

Kielce Kielce (, yi, קעלץ, Keltz) is a city in southern Poland, and the capital of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. In 2021, it had 192,468 inhabitants. The city is in the middle of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains), on the bank ...

, branch in Piotrków *

Bolesław I the Brave High School in Piotrków Trybunalski Bolesław I the Brave High School in Piotrków Trybunalski (I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Bolesława Chrobrego w Piotrkowie Trybunalskim) - a high school in Piotrków Trybunalski. The school continues the tradition of two conventual schools o ...

Politics

Piotrków Trybunalski/Skierniewice constituency

Members of Parliament ( Sejm) elected by the Piotrków/Skierniewice constituency * Antoni Macierewicz,

Law and Justice Law and Justice ( pl, Prawo i Sprawiedliwość , PiS) is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Poland. Its chairman is Jarosław Kaczyński. It was founded in 2001 by Jarosław and Lech Kaczyński as a direct su ...

* Dariusz Seliga,

* Marcin Witko,

* Robert Telus,

* Elżbieta Radziszewska, Civic Platform * Dorota Rutkowska, Civic Platform * Marek Domaracki, TR * Jacek Nibliecky, NPD * Krystyna Ozga, PSL * Artur Ostrowski, SLD

Sports

Piotrcovia Piotrków Trybunalski Piotrcovia Piotrków Trybunalski is a women's Polish handball team, based in Piotrków Trybunalski. Current squad :''Squad for the 2018–19 season'' ;Goalkeepers *1 Natalia Kolasińska * 16 Daria Opelt * 69 Karolina Sarnecka ;Winge ...

– women's and men's

handball Handball (also known as team handball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the g ...

team playing in the Polish Ekstraklasa Women's Handball League and the

Polish Ekstraklasa Men's Handball League The Polish Superliga, also known as the PGNiG Superliga for sponsorship reasons, is the top men's handball league in Poland. The current champion is Vive Kielce, the most titled Polish handball club, maintaining its position at the top of the ta ...

* Concordia Piotrków Trybunalski – men's

football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...

team playing in the lower leagues.

Notable people

* Ernestine Rose (1810–1892), feminist writer and human rights activist * Chaim Elozor Wax (1822–1887), famous rabbi *

Michael Heilprin Michael Heilprin ( hu, Heilprin Mihály, 1823 – 1888) was a Polish-American Jewish biblical scholar, critic, and writer, born at Piotrków, Russian Poland, to Jewish parents. His family was distinguished by its knowledge of Hebrew lore as far b ...

(1823–1888), Polish-American Jewish biblical scholar, critic, and writer *

Władysław Biegański Władysław Biegański (28 April 1857 – 29 January 1917) was a Polish medical doctor, philosopher and social activist. He dealt with almost all fields, especially infectious diseases, disease diagnostics and logic in medicine. Biography Biega ...

(1857–1917), medical doctor, philosopher, and social activist *

Michał Rawita-Witanowski Michał Rawita-Witanowski (September 13, 1858—February 25, 1943) was a Polish historian and pharmacist. Michał Rawita-Witanowski was born in Częstochowa, graduating from middle school in Kielce. From 1880 to 1884 he studied pharmacy at the U ...

(1858–1943), Polish historian and pharmacist, founder of the local museum *

Thaddeus Wronski Thaddeus Ziembinski Wronski (born Tadeusz; 13 September 1887''Michigan, Federal Naturalization Records, 1887-1931'' – 24 May 1965) was a Polish-American opera singer, theatrical manager, teacher, and innovator. He dedicated much of his life ...

(1887–1965), Polish-American opera singer and conductor, founder and director of the Detroit Civic Light Opera * Grigory Levenfish (1889–1961), chess player *

Stefan Rowecki Stefan Paweł Rowecki (pseudonym: ''Grot'', "Spearhead", hence the alternate name, Stefan Grot-Rowecki; 25 December 1895 – 2 August 1944) was a Polish general, journalist and the leader of the Armia Krajowa. He was murdered by the Gestapo in ...

(1895–1944), general and journalist * Irena Sendler (1910–2008), humanitarian and nurse of the

Polish resistance movement in World War II The Polish resistance movement in World War II (''Polski ruch oporu w czasie II wojny światowej''), with the Polish Home Army at its forefront, was the largest underground resistance movement in all of occupied Europe, covering both German a ...

, head of the children's section of the Żegota, who

rescued "Rescued" is a song by American Rock music, rock band Foo Fighters. Released on April 19, 2023, it is the first single by the band since the death of longtime drummer, Taylor Hawkins, and the first from their eleventh studio album, ''But Here We Ar ...

2,500 Jewish children during the Holocaust, lived in Piotrków in the 1920s *

Adam Muszka Adam Muszka (b. Piotrków Trybunalski 4 March 1914 ; d. Paris January 2005) was a Polish-French painter and sculptor, representing in his works distinctive elements of Jewish life in pre-war Poland and post-war western Europe. Several works by t ...

(1914–2005), Polish-French painter and sculptor *

Moshe Bromberg Moshe Bromberg (Moshe Bar-Am) (1920–1982) was a notable artist and sculptor. Bromberg was born in Piotrków Trybunalski, near Łódź, Poland in December 1920. He was studying art in Kraków when the Second World War broke out. He and his broth ...

(1920–1982), Polish-Jewish painter * Alice Miller (1923–2010), Polish-Swiss psychologist *

Sabina Zimering Sabina Zimering (née Szwarc; February 24, 1923 – September 6, 2021) was a Polish-American ophthalmologist and memoirist known for sharing her experiences during the Holocaust. Born in Poland, she survived the Holocaust living in Germany under ...

(1923–2021), Polish-American ophthalmologist and memoirist *

John Michael Małek John Michael Małek (18 May 1928 – 19 March 2022) was a Polish-American engineer, entrepreneur, real estate investor and developer, economics enthusiast, and activist and philanthropist. Early life Małek was born in Piotrków Trybunalski, Se ...

(1928–2022), Polish-American, born in Piotrków Trybunalski *

Naphtali Lau-Lavie Naphtali Lau-Lavie (sometimes Naphtali Lavie) (1926 – December 6, 2014) was an Israeli journalist, author, and diplomat. Biography Lavie's entire family was murdered during the Holocaust, with the exception of his brother, Yisrael, who would lat ...

(1926–2014), Israeli journalist, author, and diplomat * Ben Helfgott (born 1929), Polish-born British Jewish Olympic weightlifter * Yisrael Meir Lau (born 1937), Chief Rabbi of Tel Aviv, chairman of Yad Vashem, Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel * Mariusz Trynkiewicz (born 1962), serial killer * Adam Szymczyk (born 1970), art critic and curator *

Maciej Ganczar Maciej Ganczar (born January 19, 1976, in Łódź) is a Polish literary scholar specializing in German literature, literary translator, author of publications for foreign language teaching, also in the field of languages for special purposes. Li ...

(born 1976), literary scholar specializing in German literature, literary translator *

Wojciech Szala Wojciech Szala (born January 27, 1976 in Piotrków Trybunalski) is a Polish footballer. Career GKS Katowice Szala played in GKS Katowice between 1994 and 2001 for which he played in 93 matches and scored one goal. With GKS Katowice he won Polis ...

(born 1976), footballer *

Wioletta Frankiewicz Wioletta Frankiewicz (née Janowska) (born 9 June 1977 in Piotrków Trybunalski) is a Polish runner. She competes in the 1500 metres, but she competes also in the 3000 metre steeplechase event, as she did in the 10th IAAF World Championships ...

(born 1977), runner * Michał Bąkiewicz (born 1981), volleyball player and coach * Michał Jonczyk (born 1992), footballer * Kamil Majchrzak (born 1996) professional tennis player

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Piotrków Trybunalski is

twinned Twinning (making a twin of) may refer to: * In biology and agriculture, producing two offspring (i.e., twins) at a time, or having a tendency to do so; * Twin towns and sister cities, towns and cities involved in town twinning * Twinning inst ...

with: Piotrków Trybunalski is also partnered with: * – Udine, Italy * –

Schiedam Schiedam () is a city and municipality in the west of the Netherlands. It is located in the Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area, west of Rotterdam, east of Vlaardingen, and south of Delft. In the south the city is connected with the village ...

, Netherlands

Image gallery

File:220913 Jesuit Church in Piotrków Trybunalski - 02.jpg,

Baroque The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...

Jesuit Church File:8 Sieradzka Street in Piotrkow 01.jpg, Inside the Old Town File:St James church in Piotrków Trybunalski.jpg, St. James Parish Church File:Piotrkow_Trybunalski_Ulica_Grodzka.JPG, Grodzka street near the Market Square File:Piotrkow_trybunalski_ulica_szewska.JPG, Szewska street in the Old Town File:Evangelical-Augsburg church in Piotrkow 01.jpg, Rwańska Street in the Old Town with the Evangelical Church File:Synagogues in Piotrkow 01.jpg, Great Synagogue File:City walls of Piotrkow Trybunalski 05.jpg, Remaining old city walls File:12 3 Maja Street in Piotrków Trybunalski 01.jpg, Municipal Culture Center File:Pomnik Mikołaja Kopernika w Piotrkowie Trybunalskim.JPG, Nicolaus Copernicus Monument File:Piotrkow Trybunalski przedzalnia 1.jpg, ''Piotrkowska Manufaktura'', a former textile factory File:220913 Monastery of Bernardine in Piotrków Trybunalski - 01.jpg, Bernardine Monastery

References

External links

Official website

Satellite image
* *
"Here Their Stories Will Be Told..." The Valley of the Communities at Yad Vashem, Piotrków Trybunalski
at Yad Vashem website * {{DEFAULTSORT:Piotrkow Trybunalski Cities and towns in Łódź Voivodeship City counties of Poland Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793) Piotrków Governorate Łódź Voivodeship (1919–1939) Holocaust locations in Poland Jewish communities destroyed in the Holocaust